Rostrum, As Used in Marine Life

The term rostrum is defined as an organism’s beak or a beak-like part. The term is used in reference to cetaceans, crustaceans and some fish.   The plural form of this word is rostra. Cetacean Rostrum In cetaceans, the rostrum is  the upper jaw or â€Å"snout† of the whale. According to the Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals, the term  rostrum  also refers to the skull bones in the whale that provide support for the rostrum. Those are the forward (anterior) parts of the maxillary, premaxillary and vomerine bones. Essentially, it is made up of the bones we have between the bottom of our nose and our upper jaw, but the bones are much longer in cetaceans, especially baleen whales.   Rostrums look different in toothed whales (odontocetes) versus baleen whales (mysticetes). The toothed whales have a rostrum that is usually dorsally concave, while baleen whales have a rostrum that is ventrally concave.   More simply put, the top part of a toothed whales rostrum is shaped more like a crescent moon, while a baleen whales rostrum is shaped more like an arch. The differences in rostrum structure become pretty evident when viewing images of cetacean skulls, as is shown in the FAO identification guide here. The rostrum in a cetacean is a strong, relatively hard part of the anatomy. Dolphins can even use their rostra to   Crustacean Rostrum In a crustacean, the rostrum is the projection of the animals carapace that extends forward of the eyes. It projects from the cephalothorax, which is present in some crustaceans and is the head and thorax together, covered by a carapace. The rostrum is a hard, beak-like structure.   In a lobster, for example, the rostrum projects between the eyes. It looks like a nose, but it is not (lobster smell with their annentules, but thats another topic). Its function is thought to be simply to protect the lobsters eyes, especially when two lobsters have a conflict. The Lobster Rostrums Contribution to History In the 1630s, European warriors wore a lobster tail helmet that had overlapping plates hanging from the back to protect the neck and a nasal bar in the front, modeled after a lobsters rostrum.   Oddly enough, lobster rostrums have also been used as a cure for kidney stones and urinary diseases.   In shrimp, the rostrum is also known as the head spine, which is a hard projection between the animals eyes.   In barnacles (which are crustaceans but dont have visible eyes like lobsters do, the rostrum is one of the six shell plates that make up the animals exoskeleton. It is the plate located on the anterior end of the barnacle.   Fish Rostrum Some fish have body parts that are referred to as a rostrum. These include billfish such as sailfish (the long bill) and sawfish (the saw). Rostrum, As Used in a Sentence When the minke whale surfaces to breathe, its rostrum usually appears first, followed by the top of its head and its back.I needed to pass a kidney stone, so I roasted a lobsters rostrum and then mashed it up and dissolved it in wine. (Yes, this was purportedly a cure for kidney stones in the Middle Ages and Renaissance).   Sources American Cetacean Society. Cetacean Curriculum.Accessed October 30, 2015.Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. Crustacean Glossary. Accessed October 30, 2015.Perrin, W.F., Wursig, B. and J.G.M. Thewissen. Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals. Academic Press.  p.1366.St. Lawrence Global Observatory. American Lobster - Characteristics.  Accessed October 30, 2015.The Lobster Conservancy. 2004. Lobster Biology.  Accessed October 30, 2015.University of Bristol. Crustacea.  Accessed October 30, 2015.

Cause and Effect on World War 1 Free Essays

Cause and Effect on World War 1 World War One, a huge conflict that sparked in 1914 and lasting all the way until 1918. The war was between the world’s greatest powers as two opposing sides; the Central Powers and the Allies. It was a chain of events that had started this was which consist of key features such as imperialism, alliances, growth of militarism, crisis, and nationalism. We will write a custom essay sample on Cause and Effect on World War 1 or any similar topic only for you Order Now It was the result of these accumulating factors that had eventually evoked war. The effects on World War One included over 8 million deaths, higher taxes, rationing of food, and etc. Imperialist is considered a primary cause of war. With Europe’s growing economy and wealth, rivalries and competition for colonies among European nations were more accepted which ultimately led to unrest. Before the war, Europe was growing prosperity and peace. By 1900’s European powers were in control of most African, Asian, and other continents, showing strong ideas of imperialism. While imperialism showcased European strength it also revealed its dependency. Each country’s prosperity hinged on its ability to maintain and expand its colonial empire. This has created competition among imperialist powers for foreign territory. The British felt endangered by Germany’s fast economic growth. Quickly after that, Germany’s new modern factories largely out produced Britain’s older ones. This was a strong economic reason for Britain to oppose Germany in any disagreement. Territiorial disputes was also an ongoing problem with European countries as the leasders wanted more land and didn’t know who owned land was being taken all the times. Imperialism also divided European nations. Now on to the causes that made a difference or that was important with WW1. What exactly were the causes of World War 1? Sounds like a simple straight to the point question, but it’s definitely not. It was more to what think was the whole cause of World War 1, more than the start of the war than an Austrian prince being murdered in Serbia. Causes of the war also dealt with nationalism, imperialism, and militarism along with the alliance systems in Europe all strongly affected the outbreak of the war. All of these factors where established in many of Europe’s â€Å"Great Powers† which consisted of Great Britain, France, Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Russia. The main cause focused on what I stated above, in the previous sentences. The causes of World War 1 include a growing sense of militarism, which was accompanied by arms race, and imperialism. Imperialism as economic rivalries and competition for colonies among European nations were prevalent. What were the effects on World War 1? This war had a few effects on America society, though the war instigated problems, causing n effect that is negative on the American home front. Americans experienced a lot of problems, like the narrowing of our rights and the war caused a patriotic sense to America that got to the point where people were discriminating people from other backgrounds. † Also, from many soldiers drafted to war more job opportunities were available. Though this seemed like a good thing, negative effects came out of it The war itself left an everlasting impact. After this was women were gaining more rights. They were gaining rights such as voting and sexual equality. The male dominance patriarchal ideas weren’t so strong anymore. The United States entered the war with the mindset of being neutral and isolated. Russia left the war allowing them to deal with the conflicts. The effects of the war included over 8. 5 million deaths, rationing of food and other products, higher taxes, famine, and propaganda war. This war cost billions of dollars and tons of lives. It brought Japan up to Great Power status, which fueled their ambitions in the Far East. It reinforced the American strain of isolationism which led to the Great Depression. War reparations and the harsh peace settlement on Germany made conditions ripe to bring Hitler and the Nazis to power, and the war was the straw that broke the back of the Russian monarchy which allowed the Russian Communists to take power (europeanhistory). † The economic and political effects were so great that World War 1 marks the start of a modern era. With all the effects that took place with World War 1, it then started a new war that lead to World War 2, â€Å"The Cold War. † Works Cited Nash, Gary B. , Julie Roy. Jeffrey, and Allen Yarnell. The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society. New York: Harper Row, 1986. Print. How to cite Cause and Effect on World War 1, Essay examples

Sweet and Sour Served by Kids in the Kitchen free essay sample

This article was written by Tim Soutphommasane and published in The Australian on December 10, 2010 (Soutphommasane, 2010a). According to his website, Dr Soutphommassane is a left-wing, political philosopher and commentator. He is  a University of Sydney Postdoctoral Fellow at  the Institute for Democracy and Human Rights and School of Social and Political Sciences. He has been a regular columnist for The Australian for ten years. He also writes for the Melbourne Age (Soutphommasane, 2010b). The Australian is a national daily newspaper with a circulation of about 129,363 and a readership of 417,000. It also has an online edition (Space, 2013). This essay will critically examine the arguments in the abovementioned article and, assess the strength of these arguments against theory. The article is an opinion piece about the reality television show, Junior Masterchef. Based on the highly successful Masterchef format, young male and female contestants aged between eight and 12 participate in cooking challenges. At the conclusion of each episode, one contestant is eliminated from the show based on their performance in the kitchen and their execution of the cooking challenges. In the ‘grand final’ one contestant is crowned ‘Junior Masterchef’. According to Soutphommassane, the show attracts 1. 5 million viewers on a Sunday night and is one of Australia’s most popular cooking shows. It is also syndicated to other networks around the world. Clearly, it is a ratings winner for the television network. While 1. million Australians watch Junior Masterchef, Soutphommassane article shows he is clearly uncomfortable with the concept of the show. In his article, he uses all three persuasive techniques: logos or logical arguments; pathos or emotive arguments and ethos or credible arguments (Eunson, 2008). He starts by questioning the ethics behind Junior Masterchef. He disagrees with the premise of the show and does not think that children should be participating in, what is essentially, a format designed for adults. He feels it ‘appears to expose children, some as young as eight, inappropriately to the pressures of a TV compet ition’. Soutphommassane’s argues (Soutphommasane, 2010a) that it is not about children being subjected to a competition where there is a clear winner or loser but ‘perhaps more fundamentally about the loss of a childs innocence’. He goes on to talk about ‘protecting’ a child’s fragile personality from corruption. But let’s examine this argument more closely. To accept this premise, you would firstly need to accept that a ‘child’s personality is fragile’ and secondly, that it needs to be ‘protected from corruption’. Whilst the language, Soutphommassane is using, is, in itself quite cryptic, it is hardly a valid premise as defined by Eunson (Eunson, 2008). One could argue that to prepare a child for the world, means that he or she must be exposed to the realities of competition, discover that losing is not the end of the world and that working hard does not necessarily mean that you will get what you want. Southphommassane then introduces philosopher Joanne Faulkner’s assertion that, as a society, we grossly exaggerate the risks that children are exposed to. We look for dangers and threats to childhood in every sphere of life. Southphommassane appears to agree that it is, indeed, unnecessary to look for such dangers everywhere. He also appears to support Montaignes counsel that ‘it is not right to bring up a child in the lap of his parents’. He then appears to change track and argue that it is the fact that Junior Masterchef involves the deliberate act of pushing children into the lime light that has provoked his discomfort. While it is impossible for parents to protect their children from all the dangers the world may present, they can be held responsible for purposefully inviting such scrutiny of their children by signing them up for a show like Junior Masterchef: â€Å"Though we may reject an all-encompassing ideology of innocence, we shouldnt abandon responsibility for protecting children from harm whether it is physical, psychological or indeed moral. † While he is perhaps trying to construct a logical argument with the referencing of Faulkner, his language is clearly emotive. When it comes to children, the use of the words, ‘innocence’, ‘protection’ and ‘fragile’, all conjure up images of our children being exploited in some way. While he says that he does not think that we need to descend into moral panic over the popularity of Junior Masterchef, the implication is that we need to be concerned. Soutphommassane makes an interesting case against the Junior Masterchef concept. While he goes to great length not to overstate his objection, he still does use some very emotive (pathos) language to make his point. He also ties in some logical arguments (logos) from Faulkner to temper his more emotional language. But at the very heart of his piece is a question about the ethics (ethos) of exposing children to a cut-throat, adult style reality television programme. The question is around whether or not children have the maturity to cope with the format of this show. While parents cannot protect their children from most harsh realities of life, deliberately putting their children in a high pressure, televised competition is very much a stress that could be avoided. If parents have the option to protect their children from such pressures – then shouldn’t they? Soutphommassane presents some robust arguments. His language is very reasonable, rational and thought provoking. He tries hard not to exaggerate or dramatize the potential ‘damage’ that appearing on Junior Masterchef could do. This is an excellent tactic as it does not alienate the fans of the show or make parents feel like they are necessarily doing the wrong thing by their children. Really, he is asking the question. He is opening up a dialogue about whether or not the show is questionable – or not. In conclusion, Soutphommassane constructs a good case. Childhood is preparation for adulthood. All children need to learn about competition, winning and losing, and that we don’t always get what we want in life. But whether that learning has to take place on national (or international) television is a completely separate matter.

Essay Examples on Battle of the Somme Essay Example

Essay Examples on Battle of the Somme Paper 1st Essay Sample on Battle of the Somme The Battle of the Somme lasted from July 1916 to November 1916. It was easily one of the worst battles ever fought. This battle took place at the Somme River,which runs through Europe. The opposing armies fought in a line of trenches over 960 Kilometers long. The trenches stretched from the Belgian Coast to the Frontiers of Switzerland. Although trench warfare was looked highly upon both sides still relied on heavy infantry attacks. Many men were killed between the two opponents areas of territory known as No mans land. Later into the battle, allied forces decided to attack the Western, Eastern,and Italian fronts all at the same time, and the western region of the Somme was chosen for a French and British assault. These plans were destroyed by the German Supreme Commander. He seized control of the city Verdun with heavy artillery and infantry. The German Commander hoped that the French would try to regain control of the city so that he could kill all of their men and, as he said, Bleed France to death, and For the next few months both sides still battled and lost many battle in doing so. We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Examples on Battle of the Somme specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Examples on Battle of the Somme specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Examples on Battle of the Somme specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The fighting kept going until British Commander Sir Douglas Haig told French armies to ease off of Verdun. The new British commander was planning to invade and destroy the enemy lines with a lot more men and a lot more weapons. He was confident that this plan would eliminate the entire enemy line and clear a path to new territory. When the time finally came one hundred thousand men came out of their trenches and stood shoulder to shoulder with their companions,with more the 20 kilograms of equipment, straight through No mans land and right up to the German guns and infantry. St. Johns Road was the trench were all the men were positioned. The soldiers had to run 230 kilometers just to reach their own front line. As they made their way to the German front they had to cross pre-cut British wire. 2nd Essay Sample on Battle of the Somme The aim of this report is to give an overview of the battle of the Somme, and judge the extent to which it can be seen as a success or failure for the allies. The main part will describe the aims and the hidden intensions of the allies. It will also evaluate how far their plans were realized and where they failed. The victories and the defeats of both antagonists will be extensively discussed. Figures and objective circumstances will be analyzed to prove to what extent the battle was decisive for the final outcome of the First World War. Most sources were taken from texts, history books and internet sites which were used as a main source. The battle of the Somme was a joint offensive planned and executed by both the French and British. The idea came from Joseph Joffre, the French Commander and was accepted by Sir Douglas Haig who later took over the operation. It was an attack with the hope to make some kind of territorial gain, and took place in hope to destroy German lines. The French army had been forced to ask help from the British because of their losses in Verdun. This almost lost battle in Verdun caused the French to lose many of their resources. The main aim of the Germans in Verdun was To Bleed France Dry.They chose Verdun because of its symbolic value. A symbol of being a strategic area, which has been fought on for many years between France and Prussia, later to become Germany. The battle of the Somme started on Saturday July the 1st 1916. Haigs strategy was to do eight days of bombing in order to destroy the German front line. He used twenty-seven divisions against the Germans but there were many losses because the bombardment had failed to penetrate the German underground bunkers. Since the Germans were underground, not much had happened to them, while the Allies thought they were going to be able to just Cross the trench area.

7 Solutions for Sentences with Problematic Parallels

7 Solutions for Sentences with Problematic Parallels 7 Solutions for Sentences with Problematic Parallels 7 Solutions for Sentences with Problematic Parallels By Mark Nichol 1. â€Å"The street is lined with boisterous sports bars, nail salons, and clothing boutiques. Some neighborhood, where nail salons and clothing boutiques can be described as boisterous. Do I misunderstand? I do, because when only the first of several items in a list is given an adjective, it is easily confused as applying to each item in the list. Either omit the adjective, or play fair and supply each item with its own: â€Å"The street is lined with elegant nail salons, trendy clothing boutiques, and boisterous sports bars.† 2. â€Å"The process would be confidential, voluntary, and the information would remain the property of the teachers.† The same rule applies for verbs. Either use a verb to apply to all items in a list, or attach a verb to each item. Or, in this case, combine the first two items into a combined item: â€Å"The process would be confidential and voluntary, and the information would remain the property of the teachers.† 3. â€Å"The so-called beer summit was photographed, discussed, and dissected on blogs, newscasts, and in barbershops and bars nationwide.† Let’s not forget prepositions. In a list, one preposition carries each item, or each has its own; there’s no middle ground: â€Å"The so-called beer summit was photographed, discussed, and dissected on blogs, during newscasts, and in barbershops and bars nationwide.† (For variety, try to use a different preposition for each item.) 4. â€Å"It would be safer to keep our bushy tree trimmed so that no would-be burglar could hide under it and buy a locked mailbox to help prevent identity theft.† Infinitives want equal standing, too. The original sentence implies that the would-be burglar might buy a locked mailbox after hiding under the bushy tree. The addition of a parallel infinitive after the conjunction linking the two parts of a sentence arrests this infelicity: â€Å"It would be safer to keep our bushy tree trimmed so that no would-be burglar could hide under it and to buy a locked mailbox to help prevent identity theft.† 5. â€Å"Legislation is often to blame, not because legislators are bad people but often they act on partial or misleading information.† Two reasons, one invalid and the other valid, are supplied in this sentence. Set them up separately, each with its own because: â€Å"Legislation is often to blame, not because legislators are bad people but because they often act on partial or misleading information.† 6. â€Å"The location features stifling heat, bacteria, polluted seas, lice, and bad cuisine.† If you’re going to modify one or most nouns in a list, go all the way and precede each with a pertinent adjective: â€Å"The location features stifling heat, gut-wrenching bacteria, polluted seas, itchy lice, and bad cuisine.† 7. â€Å"The afflictions are believed to include autism and learning and hyperactivity disorders.† Is learning a stand-alone item, or does disorders apply to it as well as to hyperactivity? You don’t know until you get to the end of the sentence, when it’s too late. The inclusion of a comma after autism prevents a stumble, and inserting â€Å"as well as† helps link the two remaining list items: â€Å"The afflictions are believed to include autism, as well as learning and hyperactivity disorders.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:85 Synonyms for â€Å"Help†Body Parts as Tools of Measurement50 Synonyms for â€Å"Villain†

Market target paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Market target paper - Essay Example In addition, LA is also the focal point of the Los Angeles-Long Beach-Riverside, which has cumulative population of over 18 million approximately estimated in 2009 (US Census, 2010). It should be highlighted that the larger the population in a city, the great the derived needs / demand and the greater the market size. In addition, the per capita income across Los Angeles city is nearly $55,000 as estimated in 2010 (Beacon Economics, 2010). The major suppliers of watches to JBR collections will be international corporations with well known brands such as Replica, Rolex, Casio, Citizen, Armani, Adidas, Orient, Omega, Franck Muller, Rado, Raymond Weil, Seiko etc. For instance, the non-branded local and imported watches from India and China of medium to high quality will be offered at budget prices to attract customers from different social classes. The watches will be marketed to both male and female customers within the age bracket of 16 - 65 years. 2. Target Market The actual target m arket of JBR Collections is elite, upper – middle and middle – middle class groups because Los Angeles is a city of well-established rich consumers with an average annual income of $55,000 in 2009 – 2010 (Beacon Economics, 2010). Indeed, highly expensive elitist branded watches will be targeted to income groups having on average $70,000 and above per annum. The relatively high priced and affordable brands will be observed to middle – middle customers with an income range of $45,000 – 70,000 per annum. Finally, the low priced budget watches, local and imported, will be for lower – middle customers with an income of $20,000 – 30,000. 3. Product Indeed, it should be highlighted that the US economy is recovering from recession; therefore, new business opportunities have been created that could be utilized prudently to maximize financial gains. The products will be wristwatches, wall clocks and time pieces that are heavily demanded by indi viduals, households and businesses because a watch is a genuine need of a human being, thus having relatively inelastic demand. 4. Competition The value proposition of JBR will be â€Å"Premium watch collections at competitive prices†. Indeed, the showroom will be opened in well established City Shopping Center, which enjoys a strong customer base. For instance, the showroom will face intense competition with other watch showrooms located in LA in shopping malls such as Beverly Center Shopping Mall, Rodeo Drive, Two Rodeo, Century City Shopping Center and Westside Pavilion (LA Tourist Guide, 2011). Shops located in unorganized smaller markets will also give competition to JBR Collections. The only strategy to ensure business survival is to adopt penetration pricing strategies in first few months of operations because low introductory prices will help attracting many potential customers to JBR Collections. 5. Mission Statement To offer valued customers of Los Angeles City the high priced premium quality watch brands as well as budget price watches at affordable prices and to create value through meeting consumers’ watches demand and maintaining quality standards through strict control and after-sales-services. 6. Market Strategies 6.1 - Price JBR Collections has planned to use promotional pricing strategy in first three months after official inauguration of its new showroom. The reason behind it is the fact that it would like to attract maximum customers in first few mon

Unique Messages of The Cruci-Fiction Project and The Three Crosses Essay - 3

Unique Messages of The Cruci-Fiction Project and The Three Crosses - Essay Example The two artworks send messages to the audiences. In the Rembrandt artwork, the government crucifies the criminals. Similarly, the Gome-Pena and Roberto Sifuentes artwork show the collaborators’ crucifixion is meant to protest the strict immigration and discrimination policies of the United States and the Los Angeles police department. The two artists, Chicano Guillermo Gome-Pena and Roberto Sifuentes, collaborated to produce a popular project, The Cruci-fiction Project, during 1994 (Dutta 210). The Golden Gate Bridge democratic artwork shows their disgust over the procedural hindrances of the Immigration and Naturalization Services (INS). There are differences between the two artworks. The Gome-Pena and Roberto Sifuentes artwork show the authors were not really crucified. The collaborators were only acting. No one was hurt by the crucifixion. On the other hand, the Rembrandt van Rijn artwork shows Jesus Christ and the two thieves were nailed to the cross. The three individuals died. Further, the art form used differs. In the Rembrandt, a masterpiece is done using the print or etching venue. The venue involves the use of metal plates. On the other hand, the Gome-Pena and Roberto Sifuentes artwork use real human beings. The collaborators are actors. They play the three-hour crucifixion to dramatize their protests. During April 1994 event, the collaborators’ costumes represented the undocumented bandits trying to enter the United States. Further, Roberto depicted the gang members who were trying to enter the United States. The April 1994 event questions why prevailing United States sentiments blame the immigrants for the United States’ rising criminal activities.